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Definitions of terminology relating to inter-laboratory comparison and proficiency testing

General

Double blind testing #: a type of scientific experiment in which neither the subjects nor the researchers know who is receiving an active substance and who is receiving a placebo. Researchers who do not know which subjects received the active substance then usually evaluate the data generated from the experiment. This type of experiment helps to eliminate personal bias from research. www.medaus.com
Levy-Jennings chart #: A Levy-Jennings chart is a graph that quality control data is plotted on to give a visual indication whether a laboratory test is working well. On the x-axis the date and time, or more usually the number of the control run, are plotted. A mark is made indicating how far off the actual result was from the mean (which is the expected value for the control). The distance from the mean is measured in standard deviations (SD). Lines run across the graph at the mean, as well as one, two and sometimes three standard deviations either side of the mean. This makes it easy to see how far off the result was. Rules, such as the Westgard rules can be applied to see whether the results from the samples when the control was done can be released, or if they need to be rerun. wikipedia.org
Mean #: In statistics, mean has two related meanings, (1) the average in ordinary English, which is more correctly called the arithmetic mean, to distinguish it from geometric mean or harmonic mean. The average is also called sample mean. (2) the expected value of a random variable, which is also called the population mean. en.wikipedia.org
Normal distribution #: A theoretical data distribution which appears bell shaped, is symmetrical about the mean and has the most probable scores concentrated around the mean. Progressively less likely scores occur further away from the mean. 68.26% of the scores lie within one standard deviation either side of the mean, 95.44% of the scores lie within 2 standard deviations either side of the mean and 99.75% fall within three standard deviations. psy.st-andrews.ac.uk
PT · Proficiency Testing #: the aim of Proficiency Testing - also known as Inter-Laboratory Comparison Programmes, ILCP, or Proficiency Schemes - is to provide laboratories with objective assessments of the accuracy and reliability of their test results. Proficiency Testing also provides the opportunity for laboratories to benchmark their performance within a pooled industry group, nationally or internationally. www.labchek.info
PTS · Proficiency testing scheme #: Proficiency testing scheme
Standard deviation #: A measure of the range of variation from an average of a group of measurements. 68% of all measurements fall within one standard deviation of the average. 95% of all measurements fall within two standard deviations of the average. www.valic.com
Z value #: the number of standard deviations a point on a distribution is away from the mean. www.onesixsigma.com

LIMS

ILAC G13:2000 #: ILAC G13:2000 Guidelines for the Requirements for the Competence of Providers of Proficiency Testing Schemes. This document is for providers of proficiency testing schemes who wish to demonstrate their competence by formal compliance with a set of internationally-acceptable requirements for the planning and implementation of proficiency testing schemes. www.ilac.org
ISO/IEC Guide 43 #: ISO/IEC Guide 43-1:1997 Proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons - Part 1: Development and operation of proficiency testing schemes. Part 2: Selection and use of proficiency testing schemes by laboratory accreditation bodies

Procedures

Double blind testing #: a type of scientific experiment in which neither the subjects nor the researchers know who is receiving an active substance and who is receiving a placebo. Researchers who do not know which subjects received the active substance then usually evaluate the data generated from the experiment. This type of experiment helps to eliminate personal bias from research. www.medaus.com
PT · Proficiency Testing #: the aim of Proficiency Testing - also known as Inter-Laboratory Comparison Programmes, ILCP, or Proficiency Schemes - is to provide laboratories with objective assessments of the accuracy and reliability of their test results. Proficiency Testing also provides the opportunity for laboratories to benchmark their performance within a pooled industry group, nationally or internationally. www.labchek.info
PTS · Proficiency testing scheme #: Proficiency testing scheme

Accreditation

ILAC G13:2000 #: ILAC G13:2000 Guidelines for the Requirements for the Competence of Providers of Proficiency Testing Schemes. This document is for providers of proficiency testing schemes who wish to demonstrate their competence by formal compliance with a set of internationally-acceptable requirements for the planning and implementation of proficiency testing schemes. www.ilac.org
ISO/IEC Guide 43 #: ISO/IEC Guide 43-1:1997 Proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons - Part 1: Development and operation of proficiency testing schemes. Part 2: Selection and use of proficiency testing schemes by laboratory accreditation bodies
Mean #: In statistics, mean has two related meanings, (1) the average in ordinary English, which is more correctly called the arithmetic mean, to distinguish it from geometric mean or harmonic mean. The average is also called sample mean. (2) the expected value of a random variable, which is also called the population mean. en.wikipedia.org
Normal distribution #: A theoretical data distribution which appears bell shaped, is symmetrical about the mean and has the most probable scores concentrated around the mean. Progressively less likely scores occur further away from the mean. 68.26% of the scores lie within one standard deviation either side of the mean, 95.44% of the scores lie within 2 standard deviations either side of the mean and 99.75% fall within three standard deviations. psy.st-andrews.ac.uk
Standard deviation #: A measure of the range of variation from an average of a group of measurements. 68% of all measurements fall within one standard deviation of the average. 95% of all measurements fall within two standard deviations of the average. www.valic.com

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