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Bika Health Glossary

General

ALAT - Alanine Aminotransferase #: An enzyme that is normally found in the liver cells and in the blood; an increase in ALT levels may indicate liver damage. www.pegassist.com
Bilirubin #: a chemical breakdown product of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a substance in red blood cells that grabs onto oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the tissues in the body where it releases it. When red blood cells wear out they are trapped in the spleen and destroyed, releasing bilirubin into the blood. This type of bilirubin is called unconjugated. The liver takes the bilirubin out of the blood and conjugates it by attaching a portion of another molecule to the bilirubin molecule. www.classkids.org
Blinding or Masking #: a procedure in which one or more parties to the trial are kept unaware of the treatment assignment(s). Single blinding usually refers to the subject(s) being unaware, and double blinding usually refers to the subject(s), investigator(s), monitor, and, in some cases, data analyst(s) being unaware of the treatment assignment(s).. www.trimanos.com
CD4 #: A protein found on the surface of T helper/inducer lymphocytes. CD4-positive , CD4 +, cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and function as "helpers" by regulating the overall immune response to antigen insults. CD4 + cell counts diminish in AIDS. Normal levels are 1000-1200. By definition, CD4 + cell counts less than 200 and the presence of HIV are diagnostic indicators for AIDS. www.omegapharmaceuticals.com
Clinical trial #: any investigation in human subjects intended to discover or verify the clinical, pharmacological and/or other pharmacodynamic effects of an investigational product(s), and/or to identify any adverse reactions to an investigational product(s), and/or to study absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of an investigational product(s) with the object of ascertaining its safety and/or efficacy. www.trimanos.com
Creatinine #: a waste product from protein in the diet and from the muscles of the body. Creatinine is removed from the body by the kidneys; as kidney disease progresses, the level of creatinine in the blood increases. www.diabetes.org. a substance in the blood (a piece of a protein) which should be at a constant level in the blood. When creatinine levels rise in the blood, it can be a sign that the kidneys are not functioning well. Sometimes, creatinine is measured in the blood and in the urine, as part of a Creatinine Clearance test. www.abcbirth.com
Cytology #: the study of cells. Pathologists and cytotechnologists study cells that may be collected from various parts of the body to determine if they are injured or if cancer may be present. The cells may be collected from body fluids (e.g. urine) or through a fine needle that is placed in to a mass. The most common example of a cytology specimen is a cervical Pap smear. www.lakecountrypathologists.com
Endocrinology #: The field of medicine that deals with disorders of endocrine glands, a branch of the wider field of internal medicine. The endocrine system is an integrated system of small organs that involve the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as hormones. The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating metabolism, growth, development and puberty, and tissue function and also plays a part in determining mood. en.wikipedia.org
Gamma GT - gamma glutamyl transpeptidase #: Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT or GGTP, or Gamma-GT) (EC 2.3.2.2) is a liver enzyme. Its level in the blood may be tested for, as an elevated level may indicate an abnormality in the liver, though this can be caused by a number of conditions including: congestive heart failure, cholestasis (congestion of the bile ducts), cirrhosis of the liver ,Restricted blood flow to the liver, Necrosis of the liver, Liver tumors, hepatitis, hepatotoxic drugs. en.wikipedia.org
GCP - Good Clinical Practice #: a standard for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analyses, and reporting of clinical trials that provides assurance that the data and reported results are credible and accurate, and that the rights, integrity, and confidentiality of trial subjects are protected. www.trimanos.com
Haematology #: (hematology) the branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs. wordnet.princeton.edu
Hematology #: (also haematology) the branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs. wordnet.princeton.edu
Histology #: the field of medicine that studies tissue under the microscope. Histological evaluations of liver biopsy samples are helpful in the diagnosis and monitoring of possible liver damage in chronic HBV and HCV carriers. www.hepb.org
HL7 - Health Level 7 #: i) a specification for a health data-interchange standard designed to facilitate the transfer of health data resident on different and disparate computer systems in a health care setting. HL7 facilitates the transfer of laboratory results, pharmacy data and other information between different computer systems. HL7 is not designed to support the transfer of the entire patient record. HL7 does not support the transfer of image data (such as from a PACS). www.centc251.org (ii) an international standard for data exchange between computer systems in healthcare. It provides interoperability between electronic Patient Administration Systems (PAS), Electronic Practice Management (EPM) systems, Laboratory Information Systems (LIS), Dietary, Pharmacy and Billing systems as well as Electronic Medical Record (EMR) or Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. en.wikipedia.org
ICD-10 - International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision #: a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). The code set allows more than 155,000 different codes and permits tracking of many new diagnoses and procedures, a significant expansion on the 17,000 codes available in ICD-9. en.wikipedia.org
Immunology #: a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. It deals with, among other things, the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Immunology has applications in several disciplines of science, and as such is further divided. en.wikipedia.org
LFT - Liver Function Tests #: groups of clinical biochemistry laboratory blood assays designed to give a doctor or other health professional information about the state of a patient's liver. Most liver diseases cause only mild symptoms initially, while it is vital that these diseases are detected early. Hepatic involvement in some diseases can be of crucial importance. en.wikipedia.org
LOINC - Logical Observation Identifiers, Names, and Codes #: A database protocol aimed at standardizing laboratory and clinical codes for use in clinical care, outcomes management, and research. Developed by the Regenstrief Institute for Health Care, LOINC is touted as a middleman solution to potential translation problems between labs that use HL7 reporting and recipient systems that may not be able to translate such data. www.payorid.com/glossary.asp
Pathology #: the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, bodily fluids and whole bodies (Autopsy). The term also encompasses the related scientific study of disease processes, called General pathology. en.wikipedia.org
PHIN - the Public Health Information Network #: The Public Health Information Network (PHIN) is CDC’s vision for advancing fully capable and interoperable information systems in the many organizations that participate in public health. PHIN is a national initiative to implement a multi-organizational business and technical architecture for public health information systems. More at http://www.cdc.gov/phin/overview.html
Phosphatase #: an enzyme that hydrolyses phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and a molecule with a free hydroxy group. This action is directly opposite to that of phosphorylases and kinases, which attach phosphate groups to their substrates at the expense of energy like ATP. A common phosphorylase in the body is alkaline phosphatase. en.wikipedia.org
RBC - red blood cells #: also called erythrocytes, main function is to transport oxygen to all the tissues in the body. www.healthsystem.virginia.edu
Serology #: the branch of science dealing with the measurement and characterization of antibodies and other immunological substances in body fluids, particularly serum. www.cdc.gov
Thio #: A prefix that means "containing sulfur," used especially of a compound in which an oxygen atom has been replaced by a sulfur atom, as in thiourea. American Heritage Science Dictionary Copyright 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company
TSB - Total serum bilirubin #: Bilirubin level measured from a blood sample. www.cdc.go

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PET - positron emission tomography #: using a computerized radiographic technique to examine the metabolic activity in various tissues (especially in the brain). wordnetweb.princeton.edu

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